By Ashwini Sakharkar 11 Sep, 2024
Collected at: https://www.techexplorist.com/structural-battery-pave-way-light-energy-efficient-vehicles/89441/
A groundbreaking development in massless energy storage has been achieved by a research group at Chalmers University of Technology in Sweden. Their innovative structural battery has the potential to reduce the weight of laptops by half, make mobile phones as thin as credit cards, and boost the driving range of electric cars by up to 70% on a single charge.
“We have succeeded in creating a battery made of carbon fiber composite that is as stiff as aluminum and energy-dense enough to be used commercially. Just like a human skeleton, the battery has several functions at the same time,” says Chalmers researcher Richa Chaudhary, who is the first author of a scientific article recently published in Advanced Materials.
This research builds on previous work conducted by Chalmers University and the KTH Royal Institute of Technology and has garnered widespread attention for its potential to revolutionize energy storage.
The research group has made significant advancements in enhancing both the stiffness and energy density of their battery concept. In 2021, they achieved a milestone energy density of 24 watt-hours per kilogram (Wh/kg), equivalent to about 20 percent of a comparable lithium-ion battery. Now, they have pushed this figure to 30 Wh/kg.
While still lower than current batteries, this achievement is notable due to the context in which the battery operates. When integrated into the structure and made from lightweight materials, it contributes to a substantial reduction in overall vehicle weight. Consequently, less energy is needed to power electric vehicles.
“Investing in light and energy-efficient vehicles is a matter of course if we are to economize on energy and think about future generations. We have made calculations on electric cars that show that they could drive for up to 70 percent longer than today if they had competitive structural batteries,” says research leader Leif Asp, who is a professor at the Department of Industrial and Materials Science at Chalmers.
In the realm of vehicles, the demand for designs to meet safety requirements is paramount. The research team’s structural battery cell has significantly boosted its stiffness, with the elastic modulus rising from 25 to 70 gigapascals (GPa). This means the material can withstand loads as effectively as aluminum but with reduced weight.
“In terms of multifunctional properties, the new battery is twice as good as its predecessor – and actually the best ever made in the world,” says Leif Asp, who has been researching structural batteries since 2007.
The ultimate aim has always been to achieve a level of performance that enables the technology to be brought to the market. Simultaneously, ongoing research efforts are bolstering our connection to the market through the establishment of Sinonus AB, a new Chalmers Venture company based in Borås, Sweden.
Nevertheless, significant engineering endeavors lie ahead to transition the battery cells from small-scale lab production to large-scale manufacturing for use in our technological devices and vehicles.
“One can imagine that credit card-thin mobile phones or laptops that weigh half as much as today are the closest in time. It could also be that components such as electronics in cars or planes are powered by structural batteries. It will require large investments to meet the transport industry’s challenging energy needs, but this is also where the technology could make the most difference,” says Leif Asp, who has noticed a great deal of interest from the automotive and aerospace industries.
The development of structural batteries marks a revolutionary advancement in energy storage technology. These innovative materials not only store energy but also have the ability to carry loads, making them an integral part of the construction material in various products. This breakthrough has the potential to significantly reduce the weight of electric cars, drones, handheld tools, laptops, and mobile phones.
The study authors, Richa Chaudhary, Johanna Xu, Zhenyuan Xia, and Leif Asp from Chalmers University of Technology, have presented a battery concept based on a composite material with carbon fiber serving as both the positive and negative electrodes. This innovative design replaces the previous aluminum foil core in the positive electrode.
The multifunctional carbon fiber in the electrode material serves as a reinforcement, an electrical collector, and an active material in the anode while also acting as a reinforcement, current collector, and scaffolding for lithium in the cathode. Notably, the carbon fiber conducts the electron current, reducing the need for current collectors made of copper or aluminum, thereby further minimizing the overall weight. Furthermore, the chosen electrode design eliminates the need for conflict metals such as cobalt or manganese.
In this groundbreaking battery, lithium ions are transported through a semi-solid electrolyte, enhancing safety and reducing the risk of fire in the battery cell. However, further research is necessary to achieve high power delivery. This design not only improves the efficiency of energy storage but also enhances the safety of the battery cell through reduced risk of fire.
Journal reference:
- Richa Chaudhary, Johanna Xu, Zhenyuan Xia, Leif E. Asp. Unveiling the Multifunctional Carbon Fiber Structural Battery. Advanced Materials, 2024; DOI: 10.1002/adma.202409725
Leave a Reply