Scientists Crack Quantum Computing Complexity With Revolutionary Hybrid Design

By U.S. Department of Energy November 28, 2024

Collected at: https://scitechdaily.com/scientists-crack-quantum-computing-complexity-with-revolutionary-hybrid-design/

Quantum computers operate using quantum gates, but the complexity and large number of these gates can diminish their efficiency. A new “hybrid” approach reduces this complexity by utilizing natural system interactions, making quantum algorithms easier to execute.

This innovation helps manage the inherent “noise” issues of current quantum systems, enhancing their practical use. The approach has been effectively demonstrated with Grover’s algorithm, enabling efficient searches of large datasets without extensive error correction.

Challenges of Quantum Computing

Quantum computers operate using fundamental units called quantum gates, which are similar in concept to the logic gates used in classical computers. Logic gates perform basic data operations such as “and,” “or,” or “not.” For an algorithm to run on a quantum computer, it must first be decomposed into a series of these basic quantum gates. However, this process can be highly complex, often requiring a large number of quantum gate operations, which can diminish the computational advantages of quantum systems.

To address this challenge, researchers have introduced an innovative “hybrid” approach to quantum hardware design. This method replaces certain parts of the quantum circuit with a physical evolution that leverages the system’s natural interactions. By doing so, the hybrid approach significantly simplifies the execution of quantum algorithms compared to traditional methods, making them more efficient and practical.

Current intermediate-scale quantum computers are not yet practical because of “noise.” This noise occurs because qubits—the most basic components of a quantum computer—can interact with the outside environment. This introduces errors. These errors occur quickly, limiting the amount of time a quantum computer can operate accurately. True error correction methods are far from being reliable. The hybrid hardware design may allow researchers to run quantum algorithms using current technologies for practical scientific applications.

Hybrid Approach to Quantum Computing

Using the hybrid approach, researchers at Los Alamos National Laboratory proposed a specific realization of Grover’s algorithm. As one of the best-known quantum algorithms, Grover’s algorithm allows unstructured searches of large data sets that gobble up conventional computing resources.

The Grover algorithm involves a black-box operation, called the “oracle.” This operation generally requires execution of a large number of quantum gates. In this research, the team proposed to realize the oracle using just a single spin, naturally interacting with the rest of the computational qubits. No direct interactions between the computational qubits are ever needed. The entire oracle operation consists only of applying simple time-dependent external field pulses that rotate the single spin. Importantly, this approach is topologically protected, which means it is robust against imprecision of the control fields and other physical parameters, even without error correction.

For more on this research, see New Quantum Computing Paradigm: Game-Changing Hardware for Faster Computation.

Reference: “Topologically protected Grover’s oracle for the partition problem” by Nikolai A. Sinitsyn and Bin Yan, 14 August 2023, Physical Review A.
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevA.108.022412

The work was supported by the Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science, Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research through the Quantum Internet to Accelerate Scientific Discovery Program, and by DOE under the Laboratory Directed Research and Development program at Los Alamos National Laboratory.