The Science of Surviving Mars: What Really Protects Astronauts From Harmful Radiation

By New York University August 31, 2024

Collected at: https://scitechdaily.com/the-science-of-surviving-mars-what-really-protects-astronauts-from-harmful-radiation/

New research can help design protective habitats and spacesuits, making long-duration Mars missions more feasible.

New findings highlight several materials, including certain plastics, rubber, synthetic fibers, and Martian soil, as effective radiation shields for astronauts on Mars. This finding paves the way for safer, long-term human missions and supports future colonization efforts, like the UAE’s Mars 2117 project.

Martian Radiation Protection

Scientists have identified specific materials, including certain plastics, rubber, and synthetic fibers, as well as Martian soil (regolith), which would effectively protect astronauts by blocking harmful space radiation on Mars. These findings could inform the design of protective habitats and spacesuits, making long-duration Mars missions more feasible. Because Mars lacks Earth’s thick atmosphere and magnetic field, astronauts exploring the planet would be exposed to dangerous levels of radiation.

Dimitra Atri, Investigator, Center for Astrophysics and Space Science and Group Leader of the Mars Research Group at NYU Abu Dhabi’s Center for Astrophysics and Space Science, and lead author Dionysios Gakis from the University of Patras in Greece, report these new findings in “Modeling the effectiveness of radiation shielding materials for astronaut protection on Mars,” appearing in the journal The European Physical Journal Plus.

Simulation and Material Efficacy

Using computer modeling to simulate the radiation conditions on Mars, the researchers tested various standard and novel materials to see which best shielded cosmic radiation and determined that compound materials like certain plastics, rubber, and synthetic fibers would all perform well. Martian soil (regolith) was also somewhat effective and could be used as an extra layer of protection. In addition, they demonstrated that the most widely used aluminum could also be helpful when combined with other low atomic number materials. The study also used real Mars data from NASA’s Curiosity rover to confirm these findings.

Implications for Future Mars Missions

“This breakthrough enhances astronaut safety and makes long-term Mars missions a more realistic possibility,” said Atri. “It supports the future of human space exploration and potential establishment of human bases on Mars, including the UAE’s Mars 2117 project and its goal of establishing a city on Mars by the year 2117.”

“Several materials were specifically tested in a simulated Martian environment, making our results directly applicable to future missions and optimizing the combination of advanced materials with the natural resources available on Mars,” Gakis added.

Reference: “Modeling the effectiveness of radiation shielding materials for astronaut protection on Mars” by Dionysios Gakis, and Dimitra Atri, 8 August 2024, The European Physical Journal Plus.
DOI: 10.1140/epjp/s13360-024-05519-y